Hydrogen Bonding

The hydrogen bond is really a special case of dipole forces. A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule. Usually the electronegative atom is oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine, which has a partial negative charge. The hydrogen then has the partial positive charge

Metallic Bonding

Metals tend to have high melting points and boiling points suggesting strong bonds between the atoms. Even a metal like sodium (melting point 97.8°C) melts at a considerably higher temperature than the element (neon) which precedes it in the Periodic Table.

Coordinate Covalent Bond

A covalent bond is formed by two atoms sharing a pair of electrons. The atoms are held together because the electron pair is attracted by both of the nuclei.

In the formation of a simple covalent bond, each atom supplies one electron to the bond - but that doesn't have to be the case. A co-ordinate bond (also called a dative covalent bond) is a covalent bond (a shared pair of electrons) in which both electrons come from the same atom.

Non Polar Covalent Bond

If the difference of electronegativity between two atoms is equal to 0, then it is said to non polar covalent bond. For example, H2, Cl2, N2, O2.

Polar Covalent Bond

If the difference of electronegativity between the two atoms is greater than 0 and maximum 1.7, it is termed as polar covalent bond. For example H2O.

Tripple Covalent Bond

If three pairs of electrons are shared between atoms, the bond is called tripple covalent bond. For example, in Nitrogen Molecule, Each N atom has 5 electrons in its valence shell and require 3 more electrons to complete its octate. So they share 6 electrons and form tripple covalent bond.

Double Covalent Bond

If two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, is called double covalent bond. For example in Oxygen molecule, both Oxygen atoms have 6 electrons in their valence shell and both require two two electrons to complete their octate. Therefore, they share 4 electrons (two pairs) forming double covalent bond. this bond is denoted by double lines.

Single Covalent Bonding

If two atoms share one pair of electrons, the formed covalent bond is called single covalent bond. For example, HCl. In HCl, H has 1 electron in its valence shell, while Cl has 7 electrons in its valence shell. H require 1 more electron to complete its doublet, while Cl require only one electron to complete its octate. Therefore, both atoms share a pair of electrons (one electron provided from each atom). This type of covalent bond is shown by ____.

Covanlent Bonding

The shared pair of electrons which hold atoms together are termed as Covalent Bond. Depending upon the number of electrons shared between two atom, covalent bonding is of three types:
Single Covalent bond
Double Covalent Bond
Tripple Covalent Bond

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction force between oppositely charged ions which hold them together, is called ionic bonding. Examples are NaCl, MgCl2.

Chemical Bonding

The Attraction force which holds atoms together in a molecule is called chemical bond and this phenomenon is called chemical bonding. Their are different types of chemical bonds.
According to Lewis suggestions, chemical bonds are of two types:
Ionic or Electrovalent Bonding, Covalent Boding.
More research tells us that another most important type of chemical bond also exist i.e. Co-ordinate Covalent Bond.

Industrial Chemistry

It is the branch of chemistry which deals with the industrial aspects of chemical compounds and their use and the chemical methods involved in the preparation and synthesis of different industrial products.

Inorganic Chemistry

The chemistry of compounds other than carbon is called inorganic chemistry. It is widely applicated in different aspects of industry.

Organic Chemistry

It is the branch of chemistry which deals with the chemistry of carbon and carbon containing compounds except Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, metal halides, metal carbonates, metal bicarbonates etc. It is also a widely used chemistry in different aspects of industry.

Physical Chemistry

The Chemistry deals with the interaction of matter and energy is called physical chemistry. It is the branch of chemistry which is the most research based chemistry. The persons who are willing to make their careers as a good researcher, they should chose physical chemistry.

Analytical Chemistry

It is the Branch of Chemistry which deals with the quantitative and qualitative analysis of different substances.

Analytical Chemistry has a wide scope in different industries like food industry, medical lab, chemistry lab, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics industry, environmental aspects and so on. In short, we can say that Analytical Chemistry is the most wide branch of Science.

Branches of Chemistry

There are a number of branches of chemistry which have importance in different areas of the industry, environment, and other aspects of world. Following are the most important brances:

1. Analytical Chemistry
2. Physical Chemistry
3. Organic Chemistry
4. Inorganic Chemistry
5. Industrial Chemistry

Introduction To Chemistry

Chemistry is the branch of Natural Science which deals with the study of matter, its states and properties, composition and structure of it and its states. It also deals with the study of interconversion of the states of matter and the laws which govern these changes.